Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. image registration transmission X-ray microscopy Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't chemical heterogeneity 3D image registration Cu nanoparticle X-ray polarization X-ray spectro-tomography X-ray tomography battery electrode deformation consumer electronics deep learning defects failure analysis free-electron lasers full-field transmission X-ray microscopy grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence lithium‐ion batteries materials discovery multiscale characterization nano-tomography nanoscale tomography photocathodes photonics residual neural network rotation axis silicon wafer surface