Journal Article maize Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Architecture Biofuels Comment Endosperm Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't association mapping bioenergy biofuel breeding for future climates cell type-specific cell-wall recalcitrance climate change environmental covariates enzymatic hydrolysis epigenetics exome-capture flowering time gene expression genetic algorithm genome-wide association studies (GWAS) genotype–environment interactions maternal effect phenotypic plasticity plant cell-wall characterization plasticity pre-treatment.