Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't climate change Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic region Antarctic Specially Protected Area Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty Región Biogeográfica de Conservación Antártica Review Southern Ocean Zona Antártica Especialmente Protegida alien species biodiversity biofouling cambio climático horizon scanning human impacts impactos humanos introduced species invasion pathways marine ecosystems non-native normalized difference vegetation index pathways remote sensing risk assessment shipping teledetección vegetación vegetation índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada