Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ecosystem function Acanthaster Acanthaster planci Review adaptive management birds conectividad conectividad de arrecifes connectivity coral coral reefs crown-of-thorns starfish cumulative impacts decision theory degraded ecosystems dynamic digraph dígrafo dinámico ecosystem model ecosystem services estrella de mar corona de espinas fish habitat complexity hydrodynamics impactos acumulativos invasive species invasives invasoras larval dispersal