Linking foraging behaviour of the northern elephant seal with oceanography and bathymetry at mesoscales

Linking foraging behaviour of the northern elephant seal with oceanography and bathymetry at mesoscales

ABSTRACT: We examined the foraging behaviour of 12 adult female northern elephant seals in relation to mesoscale oceanographic features between 1995 and 1997. Females were divided into 3 groups based on the geographic region to which they migrated (‘coastal’, ‘coastal-oceanic’ and ‘oceanic’). We def...

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Veröffentlicht in:Marine Ecology Progress Series. - Inter-Research, 1979. - 346(2007) vom: Sept., Seite 265-275
1. Verfasser: Simmons, Samantha E. (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser: Crocker, Daniel E., Kudela, Raphael M., Costa, Daniel P.
Format: Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: 2007
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:Marine Ecology Progress Series
Schlagworte:Mirounga angustirostris Temperature Benthic Mesoscale Eddies Sex Behavioral sciences Biological sciences Physical sciences
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520 |a ABSTRACT: We examined the foraging behaviour of 12 adult female northern elephant seals in relation to mesoscale oceanographic features between 1995 and 1997. Females were divided into 3 groups based on the geographic region to which they migrated (‘coastal’, ‘coastal-oceanic’ and ‘oceanic’). We defined focal foraging areas (FFAs) using satellite telemetry and average daily transit rates of ≤0.4 m s–1, and examined characteristics of FFAs with respect to sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface temperature gradient (SSTg), sea level anomaly (SLA) and bathymetry using logistic regression models. Shallow bathymetry was significant for the coastal grouping of females and we examined the prevalence of benthic dives using a dive index ratio (DI), calculated by dividing mean maximum dive depth (m) by ocean depth (m) at each location for all 12 females. An additional 6 adult males were included in this analysis to quantify and elucidate differences in benthic foraging mode between the sexes. DI comparisons revealed significantly greater prevalence of benthic diving in FFAs in males than females (χ² = 10.588, p < 0.01). However, one coastal female did show a higher occurrence of benthic dives in FFAs than other females, and had significantly greater rates of mass gain. The importance of each oceanographic variable differed between the 3 groups of females. Overall, model results showed SST to be the most influential factor related to FFAs. Additionally, 6 females had FFAs that were characterised by greater SSTg and higher SLA. These characteristics are consistent with anti-cyclonic eddies that occur throughout the range of elephant seals. Semi-permanent eddies, such as the Haida and Sitka eddies of the Alaska gyre, may be particularly important in determining FFAs for some female northern elephant seals. 
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650 4 |a Mirounga angustirostris 
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650 4 |a Behavioral sciences  |x Ethology  |x Animal behavior  |x Animal feeding behavior  |x Foraging 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Biology  |x Zoology  |x Animals  |x Mammals  |x Marine mammals  |x Seals 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Biology  |x Zoology  |x Animals  |x Mammals  |x Elephants 
650 4 |a Physical sciences  |x Earth sciences  |x Oceanography 
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650 4 |a Physical sciences  |x Metrology  |x Bathymetry 
650 4 |a Behavioral sciences  |x Human behavior  |x Hunting  |x Seal hunting 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Ecology  |x Population ecology  |x Synecology  |x Habitats  |x Aquatic habitats 
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700 1 |a Crocker, Daniel E.  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Kudela, Raphael M.  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Costa, Daniel P.  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
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