Journal Article Li-CO2 batteries Li2CO3 decomposition Li‐CO2 batteries Li−CO2 batteries adsorption configuration ample interfaces arylboronic acid bidirectional catalysts catalysts cathode catalyst composite polymer electrolyte coordination effect energy‐dense Li‐S batteries homogeneous high‐throughput Li‐ion transport pathway in-built electric fields mediation chemistry overpotential solid‐state lithium batteries spent lithium-ion batteries spin states spinel oxides sulfur vacancies thiospinel