Journal Article 3D carbon 3D printing Li-ion battery LiS bonds activation potential bifunctional catalysis catalysis catalysts high-entropy alloys holey graphene hollow structures hybrid interfaces interfacial study lithiothermic reactions lithium sulfide lithium-air batteries lithium-oxygen batteries multi-elemental alloys nanomanufacturing nanoparticles non-aqueous electrolytes oxygen evolution reaction rechargeable Li-CO2 batteries single-atom catalysts solid-state electrolyte stability transition metal phosphides transition metals