Journal Article Na-S batteries all-solid-state batteries anode-free batteries cobalt-free cathodes cryogenic microscopy dead lithium electrocatalysis iron redox layered cathodes lithium metal batteries lithium metal battery lithium sulfur battery lithium-ion batteries lithium-metal anodes lithium-sulfur batteries molybdenum carbide catalyst nickel-rich materials porous carbon potassium ion batteries (PIBs/KIBs) potassium sulfur batteries potassium sulfur battery potassium-ion batteries potassium-ion battery (KIB, PIB) potassium-sulfur batteries sodium metal batteries sodium metal battery sodium-metal anodes solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) solid-state electrolytes