Journal Article 2D perovskite 2D perovskites Expectation/conditional maximization algorithm broadband optoelectronic memory charge-trapping memory crossbar arrays dynamic imaging floating-gate memory hyperbolicity mid-infrared multivariate t distribution multivariate t regression model multivariate truncated normal distribution perovskites phonon polaritons photodetectors photoinduced memory stochastic representation transition metal oxides van der Waals heterostructure van der Waals heterostructures vapor deposition vdW materials