Journal Article diffusion kinetics electrocatalysis graphene lithium-ion batteries Cu(I)/Cu(II) redox Oswald ripening Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't composite potassium anodes copper oxide core/shell arrays distorted polyhedra ellipsoidal TiO2(B) high-temperature stability honeycomb hydrogen production interfacial ionic transport interfacial stability layered double hydroxides liquid-like conduction lithiation pathways molybdenum sulfide nucleophile oxidation reaction organic electrooxidation organic electrosynthesis oriented attachment oxide solid electrolytes poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) self-assembly solid state potassium batteries