Journal Article anode materials lithium-ion batteries EQCM and pH ultra-microelectrodes N-methylimidazole Zn metal anodes Zn2+ ion flux ZnF2 matrix ZnO/C nanorod arrays aqueous zinc-ion batteries core-shell materials desolvation effect dissolution/deposition processes of MnO2 electrostatic interactions flexible carbon cloths high-rate electrode materials high-safety high‐entropy materials high‐rate charge/discharge condition insertion/extraction kinetics interfacial pH-buffering strategy ion diffusion niobium tungsten oxides piezoelectric effect polyaniline proton pumps scanning transmission electron microscopy space charge layer strain engineering tethered anion electrolyte