Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't thin-film transistors Ca‐ion batteries Metals Oxides WO3 X-ray scattering and spectroscopy Zn-ion batteries amorphous oxide semiconductors d-interspaces displays hybrid electrolytes in situ characterizations ionic liquid gating lattice self‐regulation layered vanadium oxides metal-insulator transition multivalent‐ion batteries nanocrystalline oxide semiconductors organic-inorganic materials oxygen defects oxygen octahedral rotation photoconductivity photosensors phototransistors transistors transparent photosensors