Journal Article maize Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Biofuels Endosperm Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) bioenergy breeding for future climates cell-wall recalcitrance climate change environmental covariates enzymatic hydrolysis exome-capture flowering time gene expression genetic algorithm genome-wide association studies (GWAS) genotype–environment interactions maternal effect phenotypic plasticity plant cell-wall characterization pre-treatment. seed development seed size.