Journal Article Africa African elephants Conservation strategies Loxodonta africana Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. adaptive livelihoods community-based conservation conservación basada en la comunidad conservación transfronteriza demografía demography desigualdad de riqueza elefante africano escala estrategias de conservación ethnicity etnicidad human-wildlife impacts human-wildlife systems impacto humano - fauna mapeo participativo medios de subsistencia adaptativos participatory mapping protected area scale sistema humano - fauna transboundary conservation wealth disparity